Which sunscreen is right for the face?

Welcher Sonnenschutz ist der richtige fürs Gesicht?

Sun protection is the most important step when it comes to skin health and anti-aging. UV rays are the main factor causing wrinkles, dark spots, and an increased risk of skin cancer. At the same time, there's a huge range of options available: chemical, mineral, or hybrid filters, different textures, and terms like "reef-safe." This article clearly explains the differences, correctly classifies SPF information, and shows you how to use sunscreen correctly.

Chemical, mineral or hybrid – what is the difference?

Chemical (organic) filters such as avobenzone or Tinosorb® S absorb UV rays and convert the energy into heat. They are popular because they feel light, do not leave a white film, and can be formulated cosmetically. Such filters are classified as safe according to current EU approval and provide immediate protection after even application. The recommendation to apply them 15–20 minutes beforehand is primarily for cosmetic uniformity; there is no technical delay.

Mineral (inorganic) filters such as zinc oxide or titanium dioxide work immediately upon application. They reflect and scatter UV rays and also absorb some of them. Mineral products are generally well-tolerated and suitable for sensitive skin, but can leave a visible white cast. Modern formulations with very fine particles or tinted versions reduce this effect.

Hybrid formulations combine chemical and mineral filters. They attempt to combine the advantages of both systems: immediate protection, good tolerability, and a pleasant texture.

SPF 30 or 50 – what’s the difference?

The sun protection factor (SPF) indicates how well a sunscreen protects against UVB rays that cause sunburn. SPF 30 blocks approximately 97% of rays, SPF 50 about 98%. At first glance, the difference seems small, but in practice it's significant: Most people apply significantly too little product. Applying only half the recommended amount significantly reduces the actual protection. A higher SPF somewhat compensates for this error. SPF 30 is a good choice for everyday use, but SPF 50 is recommended for longer periods outdoors, for very fair skin, or for intense sun.

Also look for a label like "Broad Spectrum," "PA++++," or the UVA circle in the EU. This indicates that the sunscreen protects not only against UVB but also against UVA rays, which accelerate skin aging and penetrate window glass.

Use correctly – this is how sun protection really protects

The right amount is crucial: For the face and neck, it is recommended to apply about one teaspoon of sunscreen, which is roughly the amount that fits between two spread fingers. This amount ensures the level of protection indicated on the packaging is achieved. Spread the product evenly over all areas of the face, especially on exposed areas such as the nose, cheeks, lips and ears.

Reapply your protection every two hours, especially after swimming, sweating, or towel drying. Makeup with SPF is a nice addition, but it's not a substitute for a standalone layer of sunscreen, as the required amount of foundation or BB cream is rarely achieved in everyday life.

Which texture suits which skin type?

For oily or blemished skin, light fluids or gels that absorb quickly and leave a matte finish are suitable. Dry skin benefits from richer creams with moisturizing ingredients like glycerin or barrier-strengthening lipids like ceramides. Very sensitive skin, especially those prone to allergies or rosacea, is well advised to choose mineral, fragrance-free sunscreens with mild, skin-compatible ingredients that are free of irritating fragrances, dyes, and alcohol. For darker skin types ( III to VI) , tinted sunscreens or modern, ultra-fine formulations are recommended to avoid the white film. Due to their high UV sensitivity, lighter skin types (I and II) require a higher sun protection factor (SPF 30 to 50+). It's important that all selected products offer broad-spectrum UV protection.

“Reef-safe” – what does the term mean?

"Reef-safe" is not a trademarked term, but rather a marketing reference. This refers to products that do not contain certain UV filters such as oxybenzone or octinoxate, as these are linked to coral bleaching. Some regions, such as Hawaii, have already banned these substances to protect coral reefs. Mineral formulations containing non-nano zinc oxide are considered a better alternative, as they physically block UV radiation and are considered less toxic to corals and marine animals. However, they must be formulated as non-nano (microfine), as nanoparticles can be potentially problematic. Scientific data is inconclusive, but environmental groups recommend avoiding the particularly critical chemical filters.

Common mistakes when using sun protection

Not enough product: Applying only a thin layer won't achieve the protection claimed on the packaging. Aim for two finger lengths for the face and neck, and a palmful for the entire body.
Don't reapply cream: Sweat, water, or friction break down the protective film. Reapply cream about every two hours, or more often if you're exercising or swimming.
Sunscreen only in summer: UVA rays are active year-round and penetrate even glass. Daily application protects your skin not only at the beach but also in everyday life.
Relying on SPF in makeup: The amount of foundation or BB cream applied is almost never enough to achieve the stated level of protection. Always apply a separate layer of sunscreen as a base.

Conclusion

The best sunscreen is the one you enjoy using regularly. Whether chemical, mineral, or hybrid—broad-spectrum protection, the right amount, regular reapplying, and a texture that feels comfortable are crucial. Only then will you achieve the protection stated on the packaging and protect your skin from long-term damage.